{"id":2101,"date":"2026-04-26T15:47:57","date_gmt":"2026-04-26T18:47:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/undef.edu.ar\/fortin\/?page_id=2101"},"modified":"2026-05-15T10:46:16","modified_gmt":"2026-05-15T13:46:16","slug":"audios","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/undef.edu.ar\/fortin\/index.php\/audios\/","title":{"rendered":"Audios"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignfull size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1036\" class=\"wp-image-2164\" src=\"https:\/\/undef.edu.ar\/fortin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/BG2-scaled.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/undef.edu.ar\/fortin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/BG2-scaled.png 2560w, https:\/\/undef.edu.ar\/fortin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/BG2-300x121.png 300w, https:\/\/undef.edu.ar\/fortin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/BG2-1024x414.png 1024w, https:\/\/undef.edu.ar\/fortin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/BG2-768x311.png 768w, https:\/\/undef.edu.ar\/fortin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/BG2-1536x621.png 1536w, https:\/\/undef.edu.ar\/fortin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/BG2-2048x828.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-spacer\" style=\"height: 48px;\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u00a0<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"935\" height=\"526\" class=\"wp-image-2153\" style=\"aspect-ratio: 1.9013308240354887; width: 178px; height: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/undef.edu.ar\/fortin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Isologo-Fortin-Audio-gris-1-e1777313677898.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/undef.edu.ar\/fortin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Isologo-Fortin-Audio-gris-1-e1777313677898.png 935w, https:\/\/undef.edu.ar\/fortin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Isologo-Fortin-Audio-gris-1-e1777313677898-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/undef.edu.ar\/fortin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Isologo-Fortin-Audio-gris-1-e1777313677898-768x432.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 935px) 100vw, 935px\" \/><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-bahnschrift-font-family wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.588), 18px); font-style: normal; font-weight: 300;\">Bienvenidos al podcast de la revista <strong>Fort\u00edn<\/strong> y la <strong>Universidad de la Defensa Nacional<\/strong>.<br \/>En esta secci\u00f3n vas a encontrar conversaciones con especialistas sobre defensa, estrategia, tecnolog\u00eda y los desaf\u00edos contempor\u00e1neos en el \u00e1mbito nacional e internacional.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-spacer\" style=\"height: 69px;\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u00a0<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-bahnschrift-font-family wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(15.197px, 0.95rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 1.148), 23px); font-style: normal; font-weight: 300;\"><strong>Sumario<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull has-background-color has-background-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-75ddec6e86805f81bbf7476691dae51f has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-3499bbf6 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; padding: 68px var(--wp--style--root--padding-right, var(--wp--custom--gap--horizontal)) calc( 0.5 * var(--wp--style--root--padding-right, var(--wp--custom--gap--horizontal))) var(--wp--style--root--padding-left, var(--wp--custom--gap--horizontal));\">\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide has-border-color is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-3672a0fd wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"border-color: #1f1f1d; border-width: 1px; border-top-left-radius: 10px; border-top-right-radius: 10px; border-bottom-left-radius: 10px; border-bottom-right-radius: 10px; padding: var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);\">\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-column has-primary-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-2a1d6e764bc377bd6c2d6be3af961766 is-layout-flow wp-container-core-column-is-layout-bd2f46b7 wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis: 30%;\">\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"767\" class=\"wp-image-2270\" style=\"width: auto; height: 360px;\" src=\"https:\/\/undef.edu.ar\/fortin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/portada-ep-2-audio-01.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/undef.edu.ar\/fortin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/portada-ep-2-audio-01.png 512w, https:\/\/undef.edu.ar\/fortin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/portada-ep-2-audio-01-200x300.png 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/figure>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-container-core-column-is-layout-9ff6af70 wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-style: none; border-width: 0px; flex-basis: 70%;\">\r\n<div class=\"player-container\">\r\n<div class=\"player-header\"><span class=\"ep-label\">Episodio 03<\/span>\r\n<h3 class=\"ep-title\">Thule del Sur. La guerra no termin\u00f3 en Malvinas<\/h3>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"episode-content\"><audio preload=\"none\" controls=\"controls\">\r\n    <source src=\"https:\/\/undef.edu.ar\/fortin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Ep3_2_1.mp3\" type=\"audio\/mpeg\" \/>\r\n    <\/audio><\/div>\r\n<style>\r\n    \/* Est\u00e9tica General *\/\r\n    .player-container {\r\n        font-family: 'Bahnschrift', 'Segoe UI', sans-serif;\r\n        background: #ffffff;\r\n        border: 1px solid #eaeaea;\r\n        padding: 15px;\r\n        border-radius: 8px;\r\n        max-width: 500px;\r\n        box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    .ep-label { font-size: 10px; color: #999; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 1px; }\r\n    \r\n    .ep-title { \r\n        font-size: 14px; \r\n        font-weight: 400; \r\n        margin: 5px 0 15px 0; \r\n        color: #222; \r\n    }\r\n\r\n    .controls-wrapper {\r\n        display: flex;\r\n        align-items: center;\r\n        gap: 20px;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    \/* Bot\u00f3n Play Peque\u00f1o *\/\r\n    .btn-play {\r\n        background: #000;\r\n        color: #fff;\r\n        border: none;\r\n        width: 30px;\r\n        height: 30px;\r\n        border-radius: 50%;\r\n        cursor: pointer;\r\n        display: flex;\r\n        align-items: center;\r\n        justify-content: center;\r\n        flex-shrink: 0;\r\n        transition: transform 0.2s;\r\n    }\r\n    \r\n    .btn-play:hover { transform: scale(1.05); background: #333; }\r\n\r\n    \/* Barra de Progreso a 12px *\/\r\n    .custom-range {\r\n        flex-grow: 1;\r\n        height: 4px;\r\n        \r\n        cursor: pointer;\r\n        accent-color: #333; \/* Color de la barra *\/\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    .time-display {\r\n        font-size: 12px; \/* Tama\u00f1o solicitado *\/\r\n        color: #666;\r\n        min-width: 200px;\r\n    }\r\n<\/style> <script>\r\n    const audio = document.getElementById('main-audio');\r\n    const playBtn = document.getElementById('play-pause');\r\n    const iconPlay = document.getElementById('icon-play');\r\n    const iconPause = document.getElementById('icon-pause');\r\n    const seekBar = document.getElementById('seek-bar');\r\n    const currentTimeText = document.getElementById('current-time');\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Funci\u00f3n Play\/Pause\r\n    playBtn.addEventListener('click', () => {\r\n        if (audio.paused) {\r\n            audio.play();\r\n            iconPlay.style.display = 'none';\r\n            iconPause.style.display = 'block';\r\n        } else {\r\n            audio.pause();\r\n            iconPlay.style.display = 'block';\r\n            iconPause.style.display = 'none';\r\n        }\r\n    });\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Actualizar barra de progreso\r\n    audio.addEventListener('timeupdate', () => {\r\n        const percentage = (audio.currentTime \/ audio.duration) * 100;\r\n        seekBar.value = percentage || 0;\r\n        \r\n        \/\/ Formatear tiempo\r\n        let mins = Math.floor(audio.currentTime \/ 60);\r\n        let secs = Math.floor(audio.currentTime % 60);\r\n        if (secs < 10) secs = '0' + secs;\r\n        currentTimeText.innerText = mins + ':' + secs;\r\n    });\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Adelantar o retroceder con la barra\r\n    seekBar.addEventListener('input', () => {\r\n        const seekTo = audio.duration * (seekBar.value \/ 100);\r\n        audio.currentTime = seekTo;\r\n    });\r\n<\/script> \r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color has-bahnschrift-font-family wp-elements-bb5cb00d2a5030cb19c99382c365e728 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.147), 15px); font-style: normal; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.7;\"><br \/>El profesor Juan Benavente nos relata una historia oculta en los confines de nuestro territorio: el desalojo de la Estaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica Corbeta Uruguay en las Islas Sandwich del Sur. Un recorrido que va desde la importancia de los radioaficionados para la soberan\u00eda hasta la demolici\u00f3n de la base por fuerzas brit\u00e1nicas en 1983. Hablar de Malvinas es hablar de la Ant\u00e1rtida, y viceversa..<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;autoclose&quot;: false, &quot;accordionItems&quot;: [] }\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/accordion\" class=\"wp-block-accordion is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-is-layout-flow\" role=\"group\">\r\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-1&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading\" style=\"font-size: 14px; text-transform: capitalize;\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-1-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" data-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.handleKeyDown\" id=\"accordion-item-1\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">Resumen<\/span><\/button><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div inert aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-1\" data-wp-bind--inert=\"!state.isOpen\" id=\"accordion-item-1-panel\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel has-primary-color has-background-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-80dea2c4d0b7ddfefde65cbe7f5a3892 is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\" role=\"region\">\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El relato de Juan Benavente sobre la <strong>Estaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica Corbeta Uruguay<\/strong> en las Islas Sandwich del Sur recupera un episodio central para la memoria estrat\u00e9gica argentina. Esta presencia efectiva comenz\u00f3 en diciembre de 1955 con la fundaci\u00f3n de la estaci\u00f3n Teniente Esquivel por el guardiamarina <strong>Ricardo Hermelo<\/strong> y los radioperadores civiles <strong>Manuel Ahumada<\/strong> y <strong>Juan Villafa\u00f1e<\/strong>. El hito subraya el concepto de bicontinentalidad, posicionando a estas islas no como espacios aislados, sino como un puente estrat\u00e9gico hacia la Ant\u00e1rtida.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La ocupaci\u00f3n se consolid\u00f3 en 1976 mediante la <strong>Operaci\u00f3n Sol<\/strong>, que estableci\u00f3 una base modular completa para la investigaci\u00f3n cient\u00edfica y el ejercicio soberano. Un aspecto destacado fue el rol de los radioaficionados, cuya capacidad t\u00e9cnica permiti\u00f3 mantener la comunicaci\u00f3n incluso frente al colapso de los canales oficiales durante la actividad volc\u00e1nica y la presi\u00f3n militar. Tras el conflicto de 1982, la dotaci\u00f3n argentina se rindi\u00f3 el 20 de junio y la base fue finalmente destruida por orden brit\u00e1nica en 1983.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Este an\u00e1lisis propone que la defensa nacional no se agota en el despliegue militar, sino que requiere integrar estos relatos en la formaci\u00f3n ciudadana. Conocer la historia de quienes habitaron este territorio inh\u00f3spito permite consolidar un pensamiento estrat\u00e9gico basado en la ciencia, el conocimiento geogr\u00e1fico y la presencia permanente en el Atl\u00e1ntico Sur.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull has-background-color has-background-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-c3bdf67e655ab228187f5aa389e7ed1a has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-3499bbf6 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; padding: 68px var(--wp--style--root--padding-right, var(--wp--custom--gap--horizontal)) calc( 0.5 * var(--wp--style--root--padding-right, var(--wp--custom--gap--horizontal))) var(--wp--style--root--padding-left, var(--wp--custom--gap--horizontal));\">\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide has-border-color is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-3672a0fd wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"border-color: #1f1f1d; border-width: 1px; border-top-left-radius: 10px; border-top-right-radius: 10px; border-bottom-left-radius: 10px; border-bottom-right-radius: 10px; padding: var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);\">\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-column has-primary-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-34111394d8833f7a40f474b04fe7c360 is-layout-flow wp-container-core-column-is-layout-bd2f46b7 wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis: 30%;\">\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"750\" height=\"1123\" class=\"wp-image-2142\" style=\"width: auto; height: 360px;\" src=\"https:\/\/undef.edu.ar\/fortin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/WhatsApp-Image-2026-04-24-at-9.33.56-PM-e1777303738985.jpeg\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/undef.edu.ar\/fortin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/WhatsApp-Image-2026-04-24-at-9.33.56-PM-e1777303738985.jpeg 750w, https:\/\/undef.edu.ar\/fortin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/WhatsApp-Image-2026-04-24-at-9.33.56-PM-e1777303738985-200x300.jpeg 200w, https:\/\/undef.edu.ar\/fortin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/WhatsApp-Image-2026-04-24-at-9.33.56-PM-e1777303738985-684x1024.jpeg 684w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/figure>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-container-core-column-is-layout-9ff6af70 wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-style: none; border-width: 0px; flex-basis: 70%;\">\r\n<div class=\"player-container\">\r\n<div class=\"player-header\"><span class=\"ep-label\">Episodio 02<\/span>\r\n<h3 class=\"ep-title\">DEFENSA Y SEGURIDAD ANTE AMENAZAS COMPLEJAS<\/h3>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"episode-content\"><audio preload=\"none\" controls=\"controls\">\r\n    <source src=\"https:\/\/undef.edu.ar\/fortin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Episodio-2.mp3\" type=\"audio\/mpeg\" \/>\r\n    <\/audio><\/div>\r\n<style>\r\n    \/* Est\u00e9tica General *\/\r\n    .player-container {\r\n        font-family: 'Bahnschrift', 'Segoe UI', sans-serif;\r\n        background: #ffffff;\r\n        border: 1px solid #eaeaea;\r\n        padding: 15px;\r\n        border-radius: 8px;\r\n        max-width: 500px;\r\n        box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    .ep-label { font-size: 10px; color: #999; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 1px; }\r\n    \r\n    .ep-title { \r\n        font-size: 14px; \r\n        font-weight: 400; \r\n        margin: 5px 0 15px 0; \r\n        color: #222; \r\n    }\r\n\r\n    .controls-wrapper {\r\n        display: flex;\r\n        align-items: center;\r\n        gap: 20px;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    \/* Bot\u00f3n Play Peque\u00f1o *\/\r\n    .btn-play {\r\n        background: #000;\r\n        color: #fff;\r\n        border: none;\r\n        width: 30px;\r\n        height: 30px;\r\n        border-radius: 50%;\r\n        cursor: pointer;\r\n        display: flex;\r\n        align-items: center;\r\n        justify-content: center;\r\n        flex-shrink: 0;\r\n        transition: transform 0.2s;\r\n    }\r\n    \r\n    .btn-play:hover { transform: scale(1.05); background: #333; }\r\n\r\n    \/* Barra de Progreso a 12px *\/\r\n    .custom-range {\r\n        flex-grow: 1;\r\n        height: 4px;\r\n        \r\n        cursor: pointer;\r\n        accent-color: #333; \/* Color de la barra *\/\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    .time-display {\r\n        font-size: 12px; \/* Tama\u00f1o solicitado *\/\r\n        color: #666;\r\n        min-width: 200px;\r\n    }\r\n<\/style> <script>\r\n    const audio = document.getElementById('main-audio');\r\n    const playBtn = document.getElementById('play-pause');\r\n    const iconPlay = document.getElementById('icon-play');\r\n    const iconPause = document.getElementById('icon-pause');\r\n    const seekBar = document.getElementById('seek-bar');\r\n    const currentTimeText = document.getElementById('current-time');\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Funci\u00f3n Play\/Pause\r\n    playBtn.addEventListener('click', () => {\r\n        if (audio.paused) {\r\n            audio.play();\r\n            iconPlay.style.display = 'none';\r\n            iconPause.style.display = 'block';\r\n        } else {\r\n            audio.pause();\r\n            iconPlay.style.display = 'block';\r\n            iconPause.style.display = 'none';\r\n        }\r\n    });\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Actualizar barra de progreso\r\n    audio.addEventListener('timeupdate', () => {\r\n        const percentage = (audio.currentTime \/ audio.duration) * 100;\r\n        seekBar.value = percentage || 0;\r\n        \r\n        \/\/ Formatear tiempo\r\n        let mins = Math.floor(audio.currentTime \/ 60);\r\n        let secs = Math.floor(audio.currentTime % 60);\r\n        if (secs < 10) secs = '0' + secs;\r\n        currentTimeText.innerText = mins + ':' + secs;\r\n    });\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Adelantar o retroceder con la barra\r\n    seekBar.addEventListener('input', () => {\r\n        const seekTo = audio.duration * (seekBar.value \/ 100);\r\n        audio.currentTime = seekTo;\r\n    });\r\n<\/script> \r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color has-bahnschrift-font-family wp-elements-f2951548a8039235d59e1bbc49b32732 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.147), 15px); font-style: normal; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.7;\"><br \/>En este episodio conversan <strong>Gonzalo Salimena<\/strong> y <strong>Juan Rial <\/strong>(docentes de la FADENA) sobre los l\u00edmites entre la Defensa Nacional y la Seguridad Interior frente a amenazas cada vez m\u00e1s complejas.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;autoclose&quot;: false, &quot;accordionItems&quot;: [] }\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/accordion\" class=\"wp-block-accordion is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-is-layout-flow\" role=\"group\">\r\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-3&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading\" style=\"font-size: 14px; text-transform: capitalize;\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-3-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" data-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.handleKeyDown\" id=\"accordion-item-3\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">Resumen<\/span><\/button><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div inert aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-3\" data-wp-bind--inert=\"!state.isOpen\" id=\"accordion-item-3-panel\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel has-primary-color has-background-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-e72f621d048a51770f5e9a9df85e74b7 is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\" role=\"region\">\r\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color has-bahnschrift-font-family wp-elements-c381f05de051bc8340c65951c7f47177 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.147), 15px); font-style: normal; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.7;\">El intercambio entre Gonzalo Salimena y Juan Alberto Rial organiza, con claridad conceptual, un problema que suele aparecer fragmentado en la discusi\u00f3n p\u00fablica: la relaci\u00f3n entre defensa nacional, pol\u00edtica exterior y orden internacional.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color has-bahnschrift-font-family wp-elements-1fee4024ba144f91b13db13fe16b2b40 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.147), 15px); font-style: normal; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.7;\">Rial propone una imagen precisa para pensar el sistema internacional: a diferencia del \u00e1mbito dom\u00e9stico, donde las reglas, los l\u00edmites y los \u00e1rbitros est\u00e1n definidos, el plano global funciona con normas m\u00e1s difusas y con una aplicaci\u00f3n desigual. Ese marco condiciona la acci\u00f3n de los Estados y vuelve m\u00e1s inestable el entorno en el que deben tomar decisiones.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color has-bahnschrift-font-family wp-elements-78e0d44aed8ea88a58bb68454ab97f2b wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.147), 15px); font-style: normal; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.7;\">Sobre esa base, Salamina delimita un punto clave: la defensa nacional se orienta a las agresiones externas entre Estados, mientras que la seguridad interior responde a amenazas de \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439 naturaleza, en general transnacionales. La distinci\u00f3n no es menor: estructura el uso de los instrumentos estatales y evita confusiones en el empleo de las Fuerzas Armadas.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color has-bahnschrift-font-family wp-elements-a37a4dba42458066f9c8bd9ae56361c1 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.147), 15px); font-style: normal; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.7;\">Ambos insisten en un concepto que ordena el an\u00e1lisis: la \u201cincertidumbre estrat\u00e9gica\u201d, en l\u00ednea con los desarrollos de \u00c1ngel Tello. En un escenario internacional en transici\u00f3n \u2014marcado, entre otros factores, por conflictos como el de Rusia y Ucrania\u2014 los Estados deben planificar sin certezas, combinando hip\u00f3tesis de conflicto tradicionales con la persistencia de amenazas complejas.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color has-bahnschrift-font-family wp-elements-8592939e45df84051c3bb0e047d80f5f wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.147), 15px); font-style: normal; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.7;\">En ese contexto, la defensa deja de ser un compartimento aislado: su articulaci\u00f3n con la pol\u00edtica exterior y las relaciones internacionales se vuelve condici\u00f3n para interpretar el entorno y sostener intereses propios. Incluso en una regi\u00f3n como Am\u00e9rica del Sur, donde no se esperan conflictos interestatales, la planificaci\u00f3n sigue siendo necesaria: no por la inminencia del riesgo, sino por la responsabilidad de sostener capacidades.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color has-bahnschrift-font-family wp-elements-5283fca73ce33564037c4d3c31ff53c5 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.147), 15px); font-style: normal; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.7;\">El episodio, en definitiva, ofrece un marco para pensar la defensa como pol\u00edtica p\u00fablica permanente, atravesada por la incertidumbre y vinculada de manera directa con la inserci\u00f3n internacional de la Argentina<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull has-background-color has-background-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-128ca8df9891f00cfb50c7021d757cff has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-0b331441 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; padding: 68px var(--wp--style--root--padding-right, var(--wp--custom--gap--horizontal)) calc( 0.5 * var(--wp--style--root--padding-right, var(--wp--custom--gap--horizontal))) var(--wp--style--root--padding-left, var(--wp--custom--gap--horizontal));\">\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide has-border-color is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-3672a0fd wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"border-color: #1f1f1d; border-width: 1px; border-top-left-radius: 10px; border-top-right-radius: 10px; border-bottom-left-radius: 10px; border-bottom-right-radius: 10px; padding: var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);\">\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-column has-primary-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-0fb9dac4b75e66d2f5097f213bf3a3b7 is-layout-flow wp-container-core-column-is-layout-0655b6c3 wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis: 30%; padding: 0;\">\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"684\" height=\"1024\" class=\"wp-image-2161\" style=\"width: auto; height: 360px;\" src=\"https:\/\/undef.edu.ar\/fortin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Thumb-Fortin-Audios-1-Logo.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/undef.edu.ar\/fortin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Thumb-Fortin-Audios-1-Logo.png 684w, https:\/\/undef.edu.ar\/fortin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Thumb-Fortin-Audios-1-Logo-200x300.png 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 684px) 100vw, 684px\" \/><\/figure>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-container-core-column-is-layout-9ff6af70 wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-style: none; border-width: 0px; flex-basis: 70%;\">\r\n<div class=\"player-container\">\r\n<div class=\"player-header\"><span class=\"ep-label\">Episodio 01<\/span>\r\n<h3 class=\"ep-title\">CIBERDEFENSA<\/h3>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"episode-content\"><audio preload=\"none\" controls=\"controls\">\r\n    <source src=\"https:\/\/undef.edu.ar\/fortin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Episodio-01-Temporada-1.mp3\" type=\"audio\/mpeg\" \/>\r\n    <\/audio><\/div>\r\n<style>\r\n    \/* Est\u00e9tica General *\/\r\n    .player-container {\r\n        font-family: 'Bahnschrift', 'Segoe UI', sans-serif;\r\n        background: #ffffff;\r\n        border: 1px solid #eaeaea;\r\n        padding: 15px;\r\n        border-radius: 8px;\r\n        max-width: 650px;\r\n        box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    .ep-label { font-size: 10px; color: #999; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 1px; }\r\n    \r\n    .ep-title { \r\n        font-size: 14px; \r\n        font-weight: 400; \r\n        margin: 5px 0 15px 0; \r\n        color: #222; \r\n    }\r\n\r\n    .controls-wrapper {\r\n        display: flex;\r\n        align-items: center;\r\n        gap: 20px;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    \/* Bot\u00f3n Play Peque\u00f1o *\/\r\n    .btn-play {\r\n        background: #000;\r\n        color: #fff;\r\n        border: none;\r\n        width: 30px;\r\n        height: 30px;\r\n        border-radius: 50%;\r\n        cursor: pointer;\r\n        display: flex;\r\n        align-items: center;\r\n        justify-content: center;\r\n        flex-shrink: 0;\r\n        transition: transform 0.2s;\r\n    }\r\n    \r\n    .btn-play:hover { transform: scale(1.05); background: #333; }\r\n\r\n    \/* Barra de Progreso a 12px *\/\r\n    .custom-range {\r\n        flex-grow: 1;\r\n        height: 4px;\r\n        \r\n        cursor: pointer;\r\n        accent-color: #333; \/* Color de la barra *\/\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    .time-display {\r\n        font-size: 12px; \/* Tama\u00f1o solicitado *\/\r\n        color: #666;\r\n        min-width: 200px;\r\n    }\r\n<\/style> \r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color has-bahnschrift-font-family wp-elements-f44e8a8c825b967b8ed2a8db89841ccc wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.147), 15px); font-style: normal; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.7;\"><br \/>En este episodio conversan Gonzalo Salimena y Juan Rial (docentes de la FADENA) sobre los l\u00edmites entre la Defensa Nacional y la Seguridad Interior frente a amenazas cada vez m\u00e1s complejas.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;autoclose&quot;: false, &quot;accordionItems&quot;: [] }\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/accordion\" class=\"wp-block-accordion is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-is-layout-flow\" role=\"group\">\r\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-5&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading\" style=\"font-size: 14px; text-transform: capitalize;\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-5-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" data-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.handleKeyDown\" id=\"accordion-item-5\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">Resumen<\/span><\/button><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div inert aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-5\" data-wp-bind--inert=\"!state.isOpen\" id=\"accordion-item-5-panel\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel has-primary-color has-background-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-8b57ab70105cfd17c03ecdcb30463a6b is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\" role=\"region\">\r\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color has-bahnschrift-font-family wp-elements-3e4f67ee1d950f0e4b19084525935590 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.147), 15px); font-style: normal; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.7;\">El primer episodio del podcast introduce un eje que ya no admite tratamiento accesorio: la ciberdefensa como dimensi\u00f3n constitutiva de la defensa nacional. Lejos de ser un campo t\u00e9cnico aislado, el intercambio entre Rodrigo C\u00e1rdenas Holik y Sebasti\u00e1n Zurutuza la ubica en el centro de la reflexi\u00f3n estrat\u00e9gica contempor\u00e1nea.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color has-bahnschrift-font-family wp-elements-113374b4a421e7fadb0fc84c6c768b59 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.147), 15px); font-style: normal; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.7;\">C\u00e1rdenas Holik parte de una distinci\u00f3n operativa: la ciberdefensa no reemplaza a la ciberseguridad, sino que la incorpora y la proyecta sobre el sistema de defensa. Es, en ese sentido, la aplicaci\u00f3n de procesos, t\u00e9cnicas y l\u00f3gicas de protecci\u00f3n al conjunto de redes, datos e infraestructuras cr\u00edticas vinculadas al instrumento militar. La diferencia no es de m\u00e9todo, sino de finalidad: no se trata de resguardar activos corporativos, sino de garantizar que el Estado pueda cumplir su misi\u00f3n en cualquier escenario, en paz o en conflicto.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color has-bahnschrift-font-family wp-elements-2206916127e50567b8936484443b7165 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.147), 15px); font-style: normal; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.7;\">Zurutuza ampl\u00eda el marco. La ciberdefensa aparece como un componente de la seguridad estrat\u00e9gica del Estado, orientada a la protecci\u00f3n de intereses vitales definidos por la normativa argentina: soberan\u00eda, independencia, integridad territorial y capacidad de autodeterminaci\u00f3n. En ese plano, su v\u00ednculo con la estrategia es directo: aporta a la anticipaci\u00f3n, al conocimiento y a la toma de decisiones en contextos de conflicto, donde la incertidumbre es la condici\u00f3n dominante.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color has-bahnschrift-font-family wp-elements-2335b374ebf95afd2f36a54589d1ce86 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.147), 15px); font-style: normal; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.7;\">Ambos coinciden en un punto central: el ciberespacio debe pensarse como un dominio operacional. No sustituye a los tradicionales \u2014tierra, mar, aire\u2014, pero los atraviesa y los condiciona. Su car\u00e1cter intangible no reduce su impacto: lo amplifica. Las infraestructuras cr\u00edticas, muchas veces dise\u00f1adas sin criterios de seguridad desde su origen, exponen vulnerabilidades que requieren vigilancia constante, capacidad de respuesta y construcci\u00f3n de resiliencia.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color has-bahnschrift-font-family wp-elements-3994718d7e2af76f22e7a133d6ab7153 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.147), 15px); font-style: normal; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.7;\">En ese cruce entre tecnolog\u00eda y estrategia, la ciberdefensa tensiona las formas cl\u00e1sicas de pensar el conflicto. La l\u00f3gica binaria resulta insuficiente frente a entornos din\u00e1micos, donde lo posible y lo improbable coexisten. De all\u00ed que el pensamiento estrat\u00e9gico deba integrar herramientas diversas \u2014intuitivas y anal\u00edticas\u2014 para reducir la incertidumbre sin eliminarla.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color has-bahnschrift-font-family wp-elements-abf5d07068c79466b063a846b8c9f5ef wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.147), 15px); font-style: normal; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.7;\">El episodio tambi\u00e9n inscribe esta problem\u00e1tica en una dimensi\u00f3n institucional. La formaci\u00f3n de profesionales capaces de operar en este dominio se vuelve una necesidad concreta, asumida por la Universidad de la Defensa Nacional a trav\u00e9s de su oferta acad\u00e9mica. La expansi\u00f3n del campo no es solo tecnol\u00f3gica: es conceptual y pol\u00edtica.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color has-bahnschrift-font-family wp-elements-e0c6e4fe2eb50ea5db65a8db659126b1 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.147), 15px); font-style: normal; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.7;\">La idea que recorre el intercambio es n\u00edtida: en sociedades atravesadas por sistemas digitales, la defensa del ciberespacio no es una especialidad marginal. Es una condici\u00f3n para el funcionamiento del Estado. En ese sentido, la ciberdefensa deja de ser un soporte y pasa a expresar, en t\u00e9rminos contempor\u00e1neos, un principio cl\u00e1sico: soberan\u00eda.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-bahnschrift-font-family wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(15.197px, 0.95rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 1.148), 23px); font-style: normal; font-weight: 300;\"><strong>Sumario<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-spacer\" style=\"height: 22px;\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u00a0<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bienvenidos al podcast de la revista Fort\u00edn y la Universidad de la Defensa Nacional.En esta secci\u00f3n vas a encontrar conversaciones con especialistas sobre defensa, estrategia, tecnolog\u00eda y los desaf\u00edos contempor\u00e1neos en el \u00e1mbito nacional e internacional. Sumario Episodio 03 Thule del Sur. La guerra no termin\u00f3 en Malvinas El profesor Juan Benavente nos relata una [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2101","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/undef.edu.ar\/fortin\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2101","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/undef.edu.ar\/fortin\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/undef.edu.ar\/fortin\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/undef.edu.ar\/fortin\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/undef.edu.ar\/fortin\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2101"}],"version-history":[{"count":157,"href":"https:\/\/undef.edu.ar\/fortin\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2101\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2276,"href":"https:\/\/undef.edu.ar\/fortin\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2101\/revisions\/2276"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/undef.edu.ar\/fortin\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2101"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}